How to write a vector as the sum of a vector in two subspaces

linear algebramatricesvector analysisvector-spacesvectors

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How do I write vector y as the sum of a vector in each subspace?

I confirmed that the subspaces are orthogonal and any two vectors out of the 4 are orthogonal to each other.

So then I did this:

$$\frac{y\cdot v_1}{\left(v_1\right)^2}\left[v_1\right]+\frac{y\cdot \:v_3}{\left(v_3\right)^2}\left[v_3\right]$$

Which is:

$$\frac{8}{3}\left(1,0,1,1\right)+-\frac{2}{44}\left(1,0,-1,0\right)$$

So I add them and get:

$$\left(\frac{173}{66},0,\frac{179}{66},0\right)$$

Which is the completely wrong answer:

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I'm not sure how they got that answer. Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

Best Answer

I'm not sure where you got

$$\frac{y\cdot v_1}{\left(v_1\right)^2}\left[v_1\right]+\frac{y\cdot \:v_3}{\left(v_3\right)^2}\left[v_3\right]$$

from.

You should calculate

$$w_1 = \frac{y\cdot v_1}{\left(v_1\right)^2}\left[v_1\right]+\frac{y\cdot \:v_2}{\left(v_2\right)^2}\left[v_2\right] \in W_1$$

and

$$w_2 = \frac{y\cdot v_3}{\left(v_3\right)^2}\left[v_3\right]+\frac{y\cdot \:v_4}{\left(v_4\right)^2}\left[v_4\right] \in W_2$$

and then you should have $y = w_1 + w_2$.

What you are doing is finding the projection of $y$ onto $W_1$ and $W_2$. And when you have an orthorgonal basis for a subspace with $n$ vectors, you compute the projection onto that subspace by summing $n$ terms that look like $\frac{y\cdot v_i}{\left(v_i\right)^2}\left[v_i\right]$.

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