If you were to define a formal alphabet as the set {a, b}, but also say "a = b," then does the alphabet contain 1 symbol or 2 symbols? On the one hand, it seems like it should contain 2 symbols since they are two distinct symbols syntactically. Semantically, the 2 symbols are the same thing, so the set contains one thing, although the "thing" in mind may not be symbols per se.
Note: I'm assuming this is a different issue from token vs symbol distinction, since saying multiple tokens of a symbol doesn't mean there are more than 1 symbol is different from asking if 2 symbols being equal in some sense makes it 1 or 2 symbols.
Best Answer
Here's an answer I got from user keitamaki on Reddit that seems perfect to me.