Fun question. We can write the following equations:
28.9x + 6y = 33;
0.5x + 31y = 44
Which gives us x = .85, y = 1.4 (roughly).
So 85 grams of chicken, and 140 grams of pasta.
I see that this is an example, and not the problem you want solved, so let me elaborate further.
Let x be the factor of 100 g of chicken you have to eat. Let y be the factor of 100 g of pasta you have to eat. Since we know how much protein is in 100 grams of both food, the total protein is:
28.9x + 6y = protein
And similarly, the total amount of carbs is
0.5x + 31y = carbs
Now, you know your goal, so set the "protein" equation to 33 and the "carbs" equation to 44.
28.9x + 6y = 33
0.5x + 31y = 44
Now, we can find x and y with some basic algebra. First, solve for x in the first equation. Then, plug that result into the second equation's x. Then, you can find the value of y. This allows you to find the value of x, by plugging y's numeric value into either equation.
When you have x and y, you have the factors of 100g for chicken and pasta, so 100x and 100y are the numbers you seek.
We can scale everything in terms of A's income, so call that $1$. B's income is then $\frac 43$. Let A's expenses be $x$, which makes B's expenses $\frac 54x$. A's savings are $1-x$, while B's are $\frac 43-\frac 54x$, giving a ratio of $\frac {1-x}{\frac 43-\frac 54x}=\frac {12-12x}{16-15x}$. We are now asked which of the given ratios can match this fraction. If $x=0$, so there are no expenses, the ratio is $3:4$. I think you are supposed to think this is not possible. As $x$ increases toward $1$, the ratio decreases toward zero. The only choice that is less than $3:4$ is $13:20$ so that must be the intended answer.
However, if I solve $\frac {12-12x}{16-15x}=\frac 9{10}$ I get a perfectly good answer of $x=\frac 85$. In that cases both peoples expenses exceed their income. A is saving $-\frac 35$ and B is saving $-\frac 23$, which gives the proper ratio. We cannot get a ratio of $\frac 45$, but can get as close as we want if $x$ gets very large.
Best Answer
If you compare which physically?
There's no reason to compare the $80$ Ml to the $8$ Ml. $80$ Ml is $\frac 83$ times bigger than $30$ Ml. So they are in ratio of $8:3$. And $8$ Ml is $\frac 83$ times bigger than $3$ Ml. So they are in ratio of $8:3$. And the Pacific Ocean at $704,000,000$ cubic kilometers is $\frac 83$ times bigger than the Indian Ocean at $264,000,000$ cubic kilometers. So there are in ration of $8:3$.
A ratio compares the sizes of two different things in proportion to each other. The absolute size doesn't matter.
If you are trying to compare $80$ ml to $8$ ml they are in $10:1$ proportional. And that is the same proportion that $30$ ml is to $3$ ml.
If you compare the oil to vinegar there is always $\frac 83$ more oil than vinegar no matter what size your recipe is.
And if you are comparing the two different recipes: the bigger recipe is $10$ times bigger than the smaller recipe. So the bigg recipe will have $10$ times as much oil, or $10$ times as much vinegar or $10$ times as many eggs, etc.
Actually it's very dull and mundane and would be very weird if they weren't.