‘Even-order of zeros and poles’ property of an even elliptic function

complex-analysiselliptic functions

While I am studying that every even elliptic function with periods 1 and τ is a rational function of Weierstrass function from 'Complex Analysis' by Stein and Shakarchi(p.271), I have exactly the same question as the link below.

Orders of poles/zeros of an even elliptic function

But I still don't understand the answer and don't have enough reputation to add a comment for additional question to the answer.

  1. The part that I don't understand is the first paragraph of the answer. I don't know why the equality in the first paragraph implies that the order of vanishing of f at ω/2 is even. I can only get the information that f is symmetrical to z = ω/2 in the parallelogram.

  2. In the second paragraph, I also can't understand why the vanishing order of f at 0 is even.
    What happens if f satisfies
    f′(0)=f′′′(0)=…=0, and the vanishing order of f at 0 is odd? (f is not identically 0)

Thanks in advance for your answer.

Best Answer

Let $f$ be any even holomorphic function. If its order of vanishing at zero is $k$, then $$f(z)=a_kz^k+a_{k+1}z^{k+1}+\cdots$$ near zero, with $a_k\ne0$. Then $$f(-z)=(-1)^k(a_kz^k-a_{k+1}z^{k+1}+\cdots)$$ and for $f(z)=f(-z)$ we need $(-1)^ka_k=a_k$, that is $k$ must be even.

If $f$ is now an even elliptic function, and $\omega$ is a period, consider $$g(z)=f(\omega/2+z).$$ Then $$g(-z)=f(\omega/2-z)=f(z-\omega/2)=f(z+\omega/2)=g(z)$$ where at the second equality is evenness and the third is periodicity. Then $g$ is even, and has even order at $0$. This means that $f$ has even order at $\omega/2$.

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