Consider a smooth manifold. As I understand it, modern differential geometry does NOT regard the manifold as embedded in a higher dimensional space but rather as a space for itself. This means, that I can only parametrise points on the manifold by their coordinates with respect to some coordinate chart. (Correct?)
Question:
Suppose now, that I have no knowledge whatsoever about the inner geometry of the manifold, which means that I do NOT know the metric tensor. Is it then even possible to calculate the metric tensor, i.e. must the metric tensor be known or can it be calculated without using further assumptions?
Actually same question but alternative phrasing:
In classical differential geometry, the metric can be calculated using the basis vectors of the tangent space for some given parametrisation. The metric tensor's components are then the scalar products of these basis vectors.
However, in modern differential geometry, the basis vectors are differential operators. Can the metric be calculated analogously via a scalar product? If yes, how is the scalar product of differential operators, say $\partial_{x^1}$ and $\partial_{x^2}$, defined?
Best Answer
The question is not entirely clear to me, but according to the clarification given in the comments, the answer is no.
I guess the source of the confusion lies in inheriting structure. To give an example:
Nowadays, we have separate notions of sets, metric spaces, topological spaces, smooth manifolds and Riemannian manifolds. But without this more abstract point of view, it's easy to mix all these together; after all, the underlying set $\mathbb{S}^2$ is the same in all the above examples.
One could also imagine similar (somewhat ill-defined) questions; for each of them the answer is again no:
And please don't get me wrong - I'm not listing these to suggest that your question was silly, quite the opposite. I just think other examples might help.