I have two raster A and B. A and B have the same grid size but different extent.
How can I make A have the same number of columns and rows, as well as the spatial extent of B?
[GIS] Reproduce raster with same extent, and same number of columns and rows
arcgis-desktoprraster
Related Solutions
If this is going to be a spatial dataset and you are posting this question on a GIS forum you need to set the extent and ideally the coordinate system. Also by definition a raster has to have a value for each cell. So assuming you have spatial analyst extension installed, licensed and turned on you can use the Create Constant Raster tool. A screen shot below shows how to create a raster with an origin at 0,0 and is 300 pixels wide and high with each pixel a 10x10m area. I did this for the British National Grid.
It's worth emphasising that there are few rasters that are useful which are anchored to 0,0 especially if you want to use it in spatial analysis with other datasets.
Best Answer
Depending upon which platform you are using, with Arc you need to ensure, before clipping, that you set your Environment Settings: Geoprocessing>Environments... Set both Processing Extent and Raster Analysis to the extent of the layer to which you wish to clip, and set also your Cell Size to the cell size of the clip raster(not the input raster).
In QGIS use GRASS plugin thru Sextante would be the quickest way, alternatively do directly through GRASS.
Source: Advanced GIS graduate course taken last year, heaps of raster experience.