Having spent some time recently talking with teaching staff regarding new GIS students one of the things that most students seem to be lacking is a sound understanding of database theory and data storage and management practices.
I realize it is not a glamorous subject, but a good grounding in database theory will go a long way towards reducing errors in the design and implementation of geodatabases which can be the bane of many projects.
To that end I would recommend the two papers which I believe provide an excellent grounding in data modelling and database design:
Of course these two papers are built on the work of the great Ted Codd, to whom we all owe a debt of gratitude. And every student should learn the oath:
Every non-key attribute must provide a fact about the key, the whole
key, and nothing but the key, so help me Codd
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