you must add the excel sheet all over and preform the "join by attribute" again. the connection to excel is not dynamic. here is more about how to use Microsoft Excel files in ArcGIS:
When working with Microsoft Office Excel files, there are a few things to keep in mind:
ArcGIS supports both Excel 2003 and earlier.xls files and Excel 2007 .xlsx files. One advantage of Excel 2007 is that it allows much larger worksheets (1,048,576 rows by 16,384 columns) than you can have in Excel 2003 (65,536 rows by 256 columns).
If you have an .xlsx file you want to use in ArcGIS but do not have Excel 2007 installed, you will need to install the 2007 Office System Driver. It can be downloaded from the Microsoft Download Center. If you have Microsoft Excel 2010 or no version of Microsoft Excel installed, you must install the 2007 driver before you can use either .xls or .xlsx files.
Excel tables are read-only in ArcGIS as well as in Excel when you have a workbook open in ArcGIS.
Field names are derived from the first row in each column of the worksheet. You can view the properties, set aliases for the field names, and set field visibility on the Fields tab of the table's Properties dialog box.
Excel does not enforce field types for values during data entry like standard databases do. Therefore, the field type specified in Excel is not used in determining the field type exposed in ArcGIS.
Instead, field type in ArcGIS is determined by a scan of the values in the first eight rows for that field. If the scan finds mixed data types in a single field, that field will be returned as a string field, and the values will be converted to strings.
You can just edit your coordinate field by putting POLYGON(( at the beginning and )) to the end of each entry. Afterwards you can save it as *.txt file and use the 'import layer from textfile' function of QGIS to import your polygons as Well Known Text (WKT). From there you can save them as Shapefiles etc. You have to make shure, that the last and the first coordinate pair are the same to generate a valid polygon.
I guess Arcmap has also importfunctions for WKT.
Best Answer
There is a way.You can do it feature class by feature class(no hierarchy i.e feature dataset) as below