I downloaded probably the same pdf from http://pub.data.gov.bc.ca/datasets/177864/pdf/092f/092F088.pdf
Then I run gdalinfo with GDAL 1.10 on Windows 7 64-bit. GDAL was installed from gisinternals.com. Gdalinfo finds georeferencing
C:\temp>gdalinfo 092F088.pdf
Driver: PDF/Geospatial PDF
Files: 092F088.pdf
Size is 6600, 4200
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N",
GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",
DATUM["North_American_Datum_1983",
SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],
UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["False_Easting",500000.0],
PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],
PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-123.0],
PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",0.9996],
PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],
UNIT["Meter",1.0]]
GeoTransform =
383244.8391245987, 3.386857172932951, -4.931834879719495e-005
5530149.161139191, -5.662418546658723e-005, -3.386719328594231
Metadata:
CREATION_DATE=D:20130628154112Z
CREATOR=ESRI ArcMap 10.0.5.4400
NEATLINE=POLYGON ((383498.6035744368 5516178.8426932972,383498.89611363556 5529895.2499113614,4008
21.16656281275 5529894.7663649889,400821.0596233863 5516178.7470214395,383498.6035744368 5516178.842
6932972))
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 383244.839, 5530149.161) (124d37'34.37"W, 49d54'44.33"N)
Lower Left ( 383244.632, 5515924.940) (124d37'18.95"W, 49d47' 3.94"N)
Upper Right ( 405598.096, 5530148.787) (124d18'53.88"W, 49d54'58.53"N)
Lower Right ( 405597.889, 5515924.566) (124d18'41.41"W, 49d47'18.08"N)
Center ( 394421.364, 5523036.864) (124d28' 7.17"W, 49d51' 1.59"N)
Band 1 Block=6600x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
Band 2 Block=6600x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
Band 3 Block=6600x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
Then I tried to open the pdf with QGIS 2.0.1 and it fails. Conclusion: We both have a QGIS version that does not support pdf. While awaiting such a build that has the support you can convert geospatial pdf files into GeoTIFFs with gdal_translate by using the binaries from gisinternals. The pdf driver in GDAL is exceptional because write support is compiled by default but for read support GDAL must be especially compiled with libpoppler or libpodofo.
The package list notes:
Package: libqgis2.2.0
Source: qgis
Version: 2.2.0-3+trusty1
Architecture: amd64
which is not what your listing says.
So either the package is broken, or your installation failed.
The package files are available at the QGis web site.
A precise package might not run on trusty.
Best Answer
You cannot just run QGIS with a different GDAL version than it was compiled against. It might work for minor updates (if they are ABI compatible) but will certainly not work with a major version change (1.x to 2.x).
So the answer is: if you compile GDAL yourself, also compile QGIS yourself.