Looks like gdalinfo will tell you:
A non-georeferenced figure exported from ArcMap layout:
C:\Temp>gdalinfo figure1.tif
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: figure1.tif
Size is 244, 210
Coordinate System is `'
Metadata:
TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION=96
TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION=96
TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT=2 (pixels/inch)
Image Structure Metadata:
INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 0.0, 0.0)
Lower Left ( 0.0, 210.0)
Upper Right ( 244.0, 0.0)
Lower Right ( 244.0, 210.0)
Center ( 122.0, 105.0)
Band 1 Block=244x11 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
Band 2 Block=244x11 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
Band 3 Block=244x11 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
A aerial photo:
C:\Temp>gdalinfo Adona_1.tif
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: Adona_1.tif
Adona_1.tif.ovr
Adona_1.tfw
Adona_1.tif.aux.xml
Size is 5426, 5522
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["NAD83 / Arkansas North",
GEOGCS["NAD83",
DATUM["North_American_Datum_1983",
SPHEROID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.2572221010002,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7019"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6269"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4269"]],
PROJECTION["Lambert_Conformal_Conic_2SP"],
PARAMETER["standard_parallel_1",36.23333333333333],
PARAMETER["standard_parallel_2",34.93333333333333],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",34.33333333333334],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",-92],
PARAMETER["false_easting",1312333.333333333],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["US survey foot",0.3048006096012192,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9003"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","26951"]]
Origin = (1045317.554567784100000,261147.746197238540000)
Pixel Size = (0.500000000000000,-0.500000000000000)
Metadata:
TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE=Adobe Photoshop CS4 Windows
TIFFTAG_DATETIME=2010:08:04 07:39:30
TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION=1
TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION=1
TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT=2 (pixels/inch)
AREA_OR_POINT=Area
Image Structure Metadata:
INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 1045317.555, 261147.746) ( 92d53'31.49"W, 35d 2'50.94"N)
Lower Left ( 1045317.555, 258386.746) ( 92d53'31.19"W, 35d 2'23.64"N)
Upper Right ( 1048030.555, 261147.746) ( 92d52'58.86"W, 35d 2'51.19"N)
Lower Right ( 1048030.555, 258386.746) ( 92d52'58.56"W, 35d 2'23.88"N)
Center ( 1046674.055, 259767.246) ( 92d53'15.03"W, 35d 2'37.41"N)
Band 1 Block=5426x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
Overviews: 2713x2761, 1357x1381, 679x691, 340x346, 170x173
Band 2 Block=5426x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
Overviews: 2713x2761, 1357x1381, 679x691, 340x346, 170x173
Band 3 Block=5426x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
Overviews: 2713x2761, 1357x1381, 679x691, 340x346, 170x173
Best Answer
It is not possible for autocad (base) to understand georeferencing information in the tiff.
If a colleague were to load the image for you with a projection and the georeferenced image into a drawing (using autocad map 3d), that drawing can be opened and used in autocad.