[GIS] Distance between centroid and farthest point of polygon

Question

I have a village polygon layer which has more than 6,00,000 records.
I have calculated centroid of each village.
I want to find the distance between centroid and the farthest node of each polygon.
Check the image below for reference. Black lines are polygon boundaries.

Answer 1

Using PostGIS, I used ST_ConvexHull to simplify the polygon for a faster result:

Get the furthest Point:

SELECT Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom as FarPoint from (
SELECT ST_PointN(ST_ExteriorRing(ST_ConvexHull(Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom)),
generate_series(1, ST_NPoints(ST_ExteriorRing(ST_ConvexHull(Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom))))) as points, 
geom
FROM Villages_v4_Trial_region
ORDER BY ST_MaxDistance(points,ST_Centroid(Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom)) DESC
LIMIT 1;

And if you are interested in creating a Circle from the centroid:

SELECT ST_Buffer(Center,ST_Distance(Center,FarPoint)) as Circle
FROM (
SELECT Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom as FarPoint, Center from (
    SELECT ST_PointN(ST_ExteriorRing(ST_ConvexHull(Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom)),
    generate_series(1, ST_NPoints(ST_ExteriorRing(ST_ConvexHull(Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom))))) as points,
    ST_Centroid(Villages_v4_Trial_region.geom) as Center, 
    geom
    FROM Villages_v4_Trial_region
    ) as Villages_v4_Trial_region
    ORDER BY ST_MaxDistance(points,Center) DESC
    LIMIT 1) as foo;