I’ve got a vexing GIS analysis problem which is
conceptually fairly straightforward, but in reality more challenging to figure out….
Basically, I need to calculate the VOLUME of floodwater within a
100 year floodplai, using ArcGIS 10.0 (all extensions available).
My input datasets are:
-
LiDAR DEM (1m pixel or 3m pixel) of bare ground (raster)
-
100 year floodplain (output of USACE HEC-RAS analysis),
Polygon Shapefile, but attribute table has no useful content.
So far I have overlaid the floodplain polygons over the LiDAR raster,
[using Extract by Mask tool from Spatial Analyst], so that I have the ground elevations are along the outside edge of the floodplain (think of the top of the bathtub).
Key concept is that the top of the floodplain gradually falls in elevation
as you move from the headwaters down through the watershed.
Then, (this seems to be the impossible part) I need to figure out
how I can take the elevations along the outside edge pixels of the
raster floodplain (output of previous Extract by Mask) and extend them to the
equivalent elevation on the other side of the floodplain, and
“raise” all the pixels in between the 2 outside edges of the floodplain
to the “top level” of this 100-year floodplain.
Once I have this “top elevation” of the floodplain water, I should
be able to use the CUT AND FILL tools in ArcGIS to simply subtract
the LiDAR ground elevations from the “top floodplain elevation”
and compute a volume between these two rasters.
I’ve been researching this for days and have yet to find a solution.
Perhaps I’m thinking of this completely wrong?
I would have expected to find others who have dealt with this problem,
but while there are similar problems, none appear to offer a solution.
Best Answer
As mentioned in my and Tomek's comments above, this analysis can be completed by interpolating a sloping raster from either existing HEC-RAS cross sections, or by creating your own cross sections by querying your lidar surface. If you have access to the original HEC cross sections (i.e. the lines used to create the floodplain extent polygon), you can use these as contours in the Topo to Raster tool. The resulting surface will be a sloping raster that represents the floodplain inundation surface, which you can then use in your Cut/Fill calculations to determine the flood volume.
Alternatively, in the absence of the original cross section data, you can create your own cross section lines, and populate them with Z-values from your lidar surface. To do this, digitize lines perpendicular to the floodplain, terminating at the outer extents of your floodplain polygon. Create these lines at intervals sufficient to capture the variability of the down-valley slope (this approach can become fairly tedious if you have a large study area). You can then query the lidar elevation values at the intersection of your newly digitized XS lines, and use those values to populate an elevation attribute for your XS lines. Elevations at either end of your lines may not match exactly, but averaging the values should approximate the inundation surface elevation. From here you can perform the Topo to Raster and Cut/Fill analyses as mentioned above.