The introductory book by Ken Rothman (which will affectionately be known as "Baby Rothman" from here on out) is not a representation of the quality of Modern Epidemiology by Rothman, Greenland and Lash (ME3).
Baby Rothman is meant to be a very basic introductory book, of the kind suited to a class non-Epidemiologists are taking for distribution requirements, or as a first step to someone who hasn't encountered much Epidemiology before.
ME3 on the other hand is essentially the definitive reference book for most epidemiological methods. It is the only Epidemiology textbook I've had that has always come with me, regardless of the project I'm doing, and it's proved invaluable. There's more than a few questions I've answered here with citations from it.
Beyond ME3, a few of the books I use regularly:
Survival Analysis Using SAS: A Practical Guide by Paul Allison. If you're a SAS user (or possibly even if you aren't), its a very good treatment of the doing of survival analysis.
Survival Analysis by Klein and Moeschberger is a more theoretical treatment and reference on survival analysis, but makes for a good supplement to Allison's book.
Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals by Keeling and Rohani, if you're interested in mathematical epidemiology, is a good introductory book that keeps a balance of practice and math.
Most other references I use are either very domain specific, or programming books.
But seriously, if you have to buy one book, that book should be Modern Epidemiology.
I think one reason it is so hard to answer this is that R is so powerful and flexible that a real introduction to R programming goes well beyond what is normally needed in an introduction to statistics. The books that teach statistics using MiniTab, JMP or SPSS are doing relatively straightforward things with the software that barely scratch the surface of what R is capable of when it comes to data manipulation, simulations, custom-built functions, etc.
Having said that, I think that Wilcox's Modern Statistics for the Social and Behavioral Sciences: A Practical Introduction (2012) is a brilliant new book. It assumes no statistical knowledge and takes you from scratch right through to a big range of modern robust techniques; and assumes not much more R knowledge than the ability to open it up and load a dataset. It covers many of the classical techniques too including ANOVA (mentioned in the OP).
I would see this book as the equivalent of the books that introduce stats and a stats package like SPSS at the same time. However, it won't teach you to program in R - only how to do modern statistical analysis with it, with an emphasis on robust techniques that address the known problems with classical analysis that are sidelined by most other approaches to teaching statistics.
The three problems with classical methods that this book particularly addresses right from the beginning are sampling from heavy-tailed distributions; skewness; and heteroscedasticity.
Wilcox uses R because "In terms of taking advantage of modern statistical techniques, R clearly dominates. When analyzing data, it is undoubtedly the most important software development during the last quarter of a century. And it is free. Although classic methods have fundamental flaws, it is not suggested that they be completely abandoned... Consequently, illustrations are provided on how to apply standard methods with R. Of particular importance here is that, in addition, illustrations are provided regarding how to apply modern methods using over 900 R functions written for this book."
This book is so excellent that after we bought a copy for work I purchased my own copy at home.
The chapter headings are:
- numerical and graphical summaries of data;
- probability and related concepts;
- sampling distributions and confidence intervals;
- hypothesis testing;
- regression and correlation;
- bootstrap methods;
- comparing two independent groups;
- comparing two dependent groups;
- one-way ANOVA;
- two-way and three-way designs;
- comparing more than two dependent groups;
- multiple comparisons;
- some multivariate methods;
- robust regression and measures of association;
- basic methods for analyzing categorical data;
Further edit - having checked out the David Moore example of what you are looking for, I really think Wilcox's book meets the need.
Best Answer
I think that the work of William Cleveland is going to be closer to what you want that that of Tufte. Cleveland wrote two books:
The first book, in particular, may be what you want. Here is a publisher's description:
An even more theoretical book is The Grammar of Graphics by Leland Wilkinson. The description:
This book is very theoretical.