I am wondering about the estimation of a fixed effects model. It is just given in the paper that estimation is done via OLS with robust standard errors. Which method is meant by such explanation? Did they use pooled OLS or fixed effects estimator (using also OLS to estimate after building the difference) or first-difference estimator (also using OLS after having built the difference)? Are they using robust standard errors to take care of serial correlation?
Thank you for your answer. I should maybe clarify my question: I have got an fixed effects model dealing with it from an economics perspective. My main question is regarding the estimation used to find the results. It is said that they are obtained using OLS. However, I think that this does not exactly clarify if they used Pooled OLS, Fixed Effect estimator or first difference estimator. How can I identify which of them was used? It wuold be great if you stated how you identified the estimation method used.
The given model is:
$y_{i,t}=\alpha_0+\alpha_i+\beta_1X_{i,t}+\gamma_1S_{j,t}+(\delta_0+\delta_i+\beta_2X_{i,t}+\gamma_2S_{j,t})D_t+\epsilon_{i,t}$
One observes the change in the parameters after a special event.. therefore the dummy. The whole sample is for 10 years.
The paper I am referring to is the following:
https://scholar.google.de/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&q=beirne+fratzscher+the+pricing+of+sovereign+risk
Best Answer
Given that a dummy $\alpha_i$ for each country is included (or rather the deviation of each country from a common mean, which would be the way that Stata includes a constant term $\alpha_0$), this is a fixed effects model. You can estimate the fixed effects model either by subtracting the country specific mean of each variable from itself (this is called the within transformation) and use the demeaned variables in an OLS regression - or, as they do here, you can run OLS with a dummy for each country. The latter is referred to as the least squares dummy variables model.
They also write: