[Tex/LaTex] TikZ: Drawing double-headed arrows within a node

nodestikz-arrowstikz-pgf

Am using the amazing TikZ software to draw figures for a book chapter. Am very pleased with the quality of the figures I've been able to create. Unfortunately, I've gotten a bit stuck with just one thing. The code below illustrates the part of the figure I'm struggling with.

The drawing is essentially correct. Trouble is the double-headed arrows look terrible. The ends of the arrows don't point to r1j and r3j the way they should and the arrow heads at the top and the bottom are superimposed on one another when there really ought to be some separation between them. Was hoping someone could show me how to change this so it looks better. Occurs to me it might be necessary to increase the vertical space between r1j, r2j, r3j, for the arrows to look right. If so, then I think it probably makes sense to do that.

\documentclass[10pt]{article}

%%%% Packages %%%%

\usepackage{here}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes,shapes.geometric}
\usepackage{hyperref}

%%%% Set pdf zoom to 100% %%%%

\hypersetup{pdfstartview={XYZ null null 1.00}, pdfview={XYZ null null 1.00}}

%%%% TikZ graphics styles/commands %%%%

\tikzstyle{arr}=[-latex, black, line width=0.5pt]
\tikzstyle{doublearr}=[latex-latex, black, line width=0.5pt]
\tikzstyle{input}=[font=\small\sffamily\bfseries]
\tikzstyle{rect}=[rectangle, draw=black, font=\small\sffamily\bfseries, inner sep=9pt]

\begin{document}

\newcommand{\rlist}{
\left\{
\begin{array}{cl}
r_{1j} \\ 
r_{2j} \\ 
r_{3j}
\end{array}
\right.
}

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto]

\node[rect]                     (Yij)            at (26, 0) {$LifeSat_{ij}$};
\node[input]                    (rij)            at (28.5, 0) {$r_{ij} \rlist$};

\draw [arr] (rij)                                to (Yij);
\draw [doublearr, bend left]    (rij.north east) to (rij.south east);
\draw [doublearr, bend left]    (rij.north east) to (rij.east);
\draw [doublearr, bend left]    (rij.east)       to (rij.south east);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Best Answer

Use [xshift=...mm] or [yshift=...mm] for node.

\documentclass[10pt]{article}

%%%% Packages %%%%

\usepackage{here}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes,shapes.geometric}
\usepackage{hyperref}

%%%% Set pdf zoom to 100% %%%%

\hypersetup{pdfstartview={XYZ null null 1.00}, pdfview={XYZ null null 1.00}}

%%%% TikZ graphics styles/commands %%%%

\tikzstyle{arr}=[-latex, black, line width=0.5pt]
\tikzstyle{doublearr}=[latex-latex, black, line width=0.5pt]
\tikzstyle{input}=[font=\small\sffamily\bfseries]
\tikzstyle{rect}=[rectangle, draw=black, font=\small\sffamily\bfseries, inner sep=9pt]

\begin{document}

\newcommand{\rlist}{
\left\{
\begin{array}{cl}
r_{1j} \\ 
r_{2j} \\ 
r_{3j}
\end{array}
\right.
}

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto]

\node[rect]                    (Yij)            at (26, 0) {$LifeSat_{ij}$};
\node[input]                   (rij)            at (28.5, 0) {$r_{ij} \rlist$};

\draw [arr] (rij)                                to (Yij);
\draw [doublearr, bend left]    ([xshift=2mm]rij.north east) to ([xshift=2mm]rij.south east);
\draw [doublearr, bend left]    (rij.north east) to (rij.east);
\draw [doublearr, bend left]    (rij.east)       to (rij.south east);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

enter image description here

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] TikZ: Cropping the Bounding Box

The code adds some completely useless invisible (or rather white) stuff. The lines

\clip(0pt,403pt) -- (389.957pt,403pt) -- (389.957pt,99.6166pt) -- (0pt,99.6166pt) -- (0pt,403pt);
\color[rgb]{1,1,1}
\fill(3.76406pt,399.236pt) -- (380.923pt,399.236pt) -- (380.923pt,253.19pt) -- (3.76406pt,253.19pt) -- (3.76406pt,399.236pt);
\fill(53.4497pt,394.719pt) -- (374.901pt,394.719pt) -- (374.901pt,289.325pt) -- (53.4497pt,289.325pt) -- (53.4497pt,394.719pt);

draw a white background that is larger than the actual picture. TikZ sees that and thinks it is part of the picture. Simply removing/uncommenting these lines removes most of the whitespace.

Near the end of the first scope,

\color[rgb]{1,1,1}
\fill(3.76406pt,249.426pt) -- (386.193pt,249.426pt) -- (386.193pt,103.381pt) -- (3.76406pt,103.381pt) -- (3.76406pt,249.426pt);

does the same. Additionally (near the end of the second scope),

\pgftext[center, base, at={\pgfpoint{220.95pt}{106.392pt}}]{\sffamily\fontsize{9}{0}\selectfont{\textbf{ }}}

adds a blank node below the picture, again enlarging the bounding box.

Removing all those lines gives a tight bounding box.

As far as I know, TikZ cannot do the cropping for you, as it can't know whether the white stuff is intentional or not (there might for example be a dark background behind the image so that white is visible).

[Tex/LaTex] How to define the default vertical distance between nodes

I don't really get the question so I hope this is what you wanted. If you include a full document (such that we copy paste and see the problem on our systems) things are much more easier.

Here, you can change the default setting within a scope but your block style had a node distance which was resetting every time it is issued. I've made it 2mm such that we can see the difference easier.

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes.geometric,positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[decision/.style={diamond, draw, text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=3.5cm, inner sep=0pt},
                    block/.style   ={rectangle, draw, text width=6em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em, minimum height=2em},
                    cloud/.style   ={draw, ellipse, minimum height=2em},
                    line/.style    ={draw,-latex'},
                    node distance = 1cm, 
                    auto]
    \node [block] (1st) {1st};
    \node [block, right= of 1st]  (2nd1) {2nd1};
\begin{scope}[node distance=2mm and 10mm]%Here we change it for everything inside this scope
    \node [block, above= of 2nd1] (2nd2) {2nd2};
    \node [block, below= of 2nd1] (2nd3) {2nd3};
    \node [block, right= of 2nd1] (3rd1) {3rd1};
    \node [block, above= of 3rd1] (3rd2) {3rd2};
    \node [block, above= of 3rd2] (3rd3) {3rd3};
\end{scope}
    \node [block, below= of 3rd1] (3rd4) {3rd4};
    \node [block, below= of 3rd4] (3rd5) {3rd5};

    \path [line] (1st) -- (2nd1);
    \path [line] (2nd1) -- (2nd2);
    \path [line] (2nd1) -- (2nd3);
    \path [line] (2nd2) -- (3rd3);
    \path [line] (2nd1) -- (3rd1);
    \path [line] (1st) -- (2nd1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] TikZ: Cropping the Bounding Box

[Tex/LaTex] How to define the default vertical distance between nodes

Related Question