[Tex/LaTex] text above and below curved arrows

tikz-pgf

I would like to trace this figure, but I have difficulties in controlling the placement of arrows and numerical flows underneath the arrows.

enter image description here

The "sedimentary rock" node has to be split in two. Can you support some help. Thanks in advance.

\documentclass[tikz]{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\node[rectangle,fill=red!70,text width=4cm,anchor=base]  (atmosfera) at (5cm, 8cm) {Atmosphere\\ (carbon dioxide)};
\node[rectangle,fill=red!70,text width=4cm,anchor=base]  (biosfera) at (0cm, 2.5cm) {Biosphere\\ (carbohydrates)};
\node[rectangle,fill=red!70,text width=4cm,anchor=base]  (oceano) at (8cm, 0cm) {Ocean\\(bicarbonate ions)\\ $1.3\times10^{20}$};
\node[rectangle,fill=red!70,text width=4cm,anchor=base]  (rochas) at (0cm, 0cm) {Sedimentary rocks};

\draw[->,out=-90,in=0,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (atmosfera.south west) to node[midway, above, sloped] {Photosynthesis} (biosfera.east) ;

\draw[->,out=90,in=180,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (biosfera.north) to node[midway, above, sloped] {Respiration and decay\\$10^{17}$} (atmosfera.west) ;

\draw[->,out=-90,in=90,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (biosfera.west) to node[midway, above, sloped] {Burial\\ $3 \times 10^{14}$} (rochas.west) ;

\draw[->,out=90,in=-90,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (rochas.north) to node[midway, above, sloped] {Vulcanism and weathering} (atmosfera.south) ;

\draw[->,out=90,in=120,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (rochas.south east) to node[midway, above, sloped] {$10^{15}$} (oceano.north west) ;

\draw[->,out=.120,in=-60,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (oceano.south) to node[midway, above, sloped] {Sedimentation} (rochas.west) ;

\draw[->,out=-90,in=90,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (atmosfera.south) to node[midway, above, sloped] {Solution} (oceano.north) ;

\draw[->,out=90,in=0,looseness=1, draw=blue]  (oceano.east) to node[midway, above, sloped] {Evaporation} (atmosfera.east) ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Best Answer

In the following solution I address both problems: the split node and the text along the curved paths.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,shapes,decorations.text}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
mynode/.style={rectangle,
  fill=orange!70,
  text width=4cm,
  align=center,
},
mypostaction/.style 2 args={
  decoration={
    text align={
      left indent=#1},
      text along path, 
      text={#2}
    },
  decorate
},
>=latex
]

\node[mynode]  (atmosfera)  
  {Atmosphere\\ (carbon dioxide)};
\node[mynode,below left= 2cm and 3cm of atmosfera]  (biosfera) 
  {Biosphere\\ (carbohydrates)};
\node[mynode,below right= 7cm and 0cm of atmosfera]  (oceano)  
  {Ocean\\(bicarbonate ions)\\ $1.3\times10^{20}$};
\node[mynode,text width=6cm,below left= 7cm and 0cm of atmosfera]  (rochas)  {\phantom{A} \\ \parbox[t]{3cm}{\centering (organic carbon) \\ $6\times 10^{22}$ }\parbox[t]{3cm}{\centering (carbonates) \\ $3\times 10^{23}$}};

\draw[ultra thick,dashed,white] (rochas.north) -- (rochas.south);
\node[anchor=north] at (rochas.north) {Sedimentary rocks};

\draw[->,thick,cyan]  (atmosfera.210) to[out=-100,in=0,looseness=1]  (biosfera.east) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={1cm}{Photosynthesis}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  (biosfera.east) to[out=0,in=-100,looseness=1]  (atmosfera.210);
\path[postaction={mypostaction={2cm}{$10{^{17}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=-4mm}]  (biosfera.east) to[out=0,in=-100,looseness=1]  (atmosfera.210);

\draw[->,thick,cyan]  (biosfera.140) to[out=90,in=180,looseness=0.8]  (atmosfera.west) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={1cm}{Respiration and decay}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  (biosfera.140) to[out=90,in=180,looseness=0.8]  (atmosfera.west);
\path[postaction={mypostaction={2.3cm}{$10{^{17}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=-4mm}]  (biosfera.140) to[out=90,in=180,looseness=0.8]  (atmosfera.west);

\draw[->,thick,cyan]
  (atmosfera.330) to[out=-90,in=150,looseness=0.5]  (oceano.140) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={3cm}{Solution}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  
  (atmosfera.330) to[out=-90,in=150,looseness=0.5]  (oceano.140);
\path[postaction={mypostaction={3cm}{$4{\times} 10{^{17}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=-4mm}]  
  (atmosfera.330) to[out=-90,in=150,looseness=0.5]  (oceano.140);

\draw[->,thick,cyan]  
  (oceano.40) to[out=80,in=0]  (atmosfera.east) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={4cm}{Evaporation}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  
  (atmosfera.east) to[out=0,in=80]  (oceano.40);
\path[postaction={mypostaction={4.3cm}{$4{\times} 10{^{17}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=-4mm}]  
  (atmosfera.east) to[out=0,in=80]  (oceano.40);

\draw[->,thick,cyan]  
  (biosfera.220) to[out=-80,in=130]  (rochas.145) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={2cm}{Burial}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  
  (rochas.145) to[out=130,in=-80]  (biosfera.220);
\path[postaction={mypostaction={2cm}{$3{\times} 10{^{14}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=-4mm}]  
  (rochas.145) to[out=130,in=-80]  (biosfera.220);

\draw[->,thick,cyan]  
  (rochas.75) to[out=80,in=-80]  (atmosfera.south) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={2cm}{Vulcanism and weathering}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  
  (rochas.75) to[out=80,in=-80]  (atmosfera.south);
\path[postaction={mypostaction={3.5cm}{$3{\times} 10{^{14}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=-4mm}]  
  (rochas.75) to[out=80,in=-80]  (atmosfera.south);

\draw[->,thick,cyan]  
  (rochas.20) to[out=80,in=130,looseness=0.8]  (oceano.170) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={3cm}{$10{^{15}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  
  (rochas.20) to[out=80,in=130,looseness=0.8]  (oceano.170);

\draw[->,thick,cyan]  
  (oceano.250) to[out=-90,in=-40,looseness=0.8]  (rochas.-20) ;
\path[postaction={mypostaction={3cm}{Sedimentation}, /pgf/decoration/raise=1.5mm}]  
  (rochas.-20) to[out=-40,in=-90,looseness=0.8]  (oceano.250);
\path[postaction={mypostaction={3.5cm}{$10{^{15}}${}}, /pgf/decoration/raise=-4mm}]  
  (rochas.-20) to[out=-40,in=-90,looseness=0.8]  (oceano.250);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

Some remarks:

I defined a mynode style for all the nodes with colored background.
I used the positioning library to place the nodes
The "split" node is simply a wider node called rochas with the mynode style; two \parboxes were used to place the text on each part of the node; a dashed line from rochas.north to rochas.south produces the separation. Finally, the text "Sedimentary rocks" is written using an auxiliary node (to prevent the dashed line from overwriting the text).
The text along the curved paths was written using the text along path decoration from the decorations.text library (See Section 30.6 Text Decorations of the pgf manual). I used the style defined by percusse in his answer to Curved text (on multiple lines) within curved arrow using tikz.
Notice that placing mathematical expressions using this decoration requires some extra precautions; even a simple expression such as $3\times 10^{14}$ has to be written as $3{\times} 10{^{14}}${}; in particular, the pair of final braces is required (try seeing what happens if you suppress it).

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] TikZ: Cropping the Bounding Box

The code adds some completely useless invisible (or rather white) stuff. The lines

\clip(0pt,403pt) -- (389.957pt,403pt) -- (389.957pt,99.6166pt) -- (0pt,99.6166pt) -- (0pt,403pt);
\color[rgb]{1,1,1}
\fill(3.76406pt,399.236pt) -- (380.923pt,399.236pt) -- (380.923pt,253.19pt) -- (3.76406pt,253.19pt) -- (3.76406pt,399.236pt);
\fill(53.4497pt,394.719pt) -- (374.901pt,394.719pt) -- (374.901pt,289.325pt) -- (53.4497pt,289.325pt) -- (53.4497pt,394.719pt);

draw a white background that is larger than the actual picture. TikZ sees that and thinks it is part of the picture. Simply removing/uncommenting these lines removes most of the whitespace.

Near the end of the first scope,

\color[rgb]{1,1,1}
\fill(3.76406pt,249.426pt) -- (386.193pt,249.426pt) -- (386.193pt,103.381pt) -- (3.76406pt,103.381pt) -- (3.76406pt,249.426pt);

does the same. Additionally (near the end of the second scope),

\pgftext[center, base, at={\pgfpoint{220.95pt}{106.392pt}}]{\sffamily\fontsize{9}{0}\selectfont{\textbf{ }}}

adds a blank node below the picture, again enlarging the bounding box.

Removing all those lines gives a tight bounding box.

As far as I know, TikZ cannot do the cropping for you, as it can't know whether the white stuff is intentional or not (there might for example be a dark background behind the image so that white is visible).

[Tex/LaTex] UML Statediagram

You could make your state node into a 'multipart' node. For that, you need to load the shapes.multipart TikZ library. You should then be able to use all the placement options that you're used to.

Result:

enter image description here

Code:

\documentclass[border=1cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.multipart}    
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, draw, rounded corners]{%
      \tikz\node[draw=red, rectangle, rounded corners]{titel};
      \nodepart{two}
      \begin{tabular}{c}
      content \\ more content
      \end{tabular}
    };
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

PS. You might alternatively make your state node into a matrix, but then it's quite hard to get the horizontal line that you want (see this discussion, for instance).

Best Answer

Some remarks:

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] TikZ: Cropping the Bounding Box

[Tex/LaTex] UML Statediagram

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