[Tex/LaTex] Odd behaviour with arrows and multipart rectangles

arrowstikz-pgf

I recently posted a question Display issues drawing DNA sequences with TikZ. The issues I described were for the most part resolved, but one remains. I managed to simplify my example down to show the issue more clearly. Consider the following code.

In this code, the line drawn between the two multipart rectangles has arrows on both sides. I would not have expected the arrow on the left. Note that the arrow on the left is pointing upwards. Removing the two north makes the left hand arrow disappear.

Now, if the option shorten >=1cm is added, then we see just an upward arrow tip by itself floating in space, at the same level as the shortened arrow on the right. If we do instead shorten <=1cm, shorten >=1cm, then there are arrows at the correct termination of the lines at both ends, with the left hand arrow pointing up as before.

In all these cases, the behavior with an ordinary rectangle is as expected.

Can anyone explain this behavior?

\documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[skip=2pt]{caption}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows}
\settowidth{\textwidth}{Multipart rectangles with no line shortening}
\begin{document}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']

% Multipart rectangle nodes

\tikzstyle{seq}=[rectangle split, rectangle split horizontal, rectangle split parts=#1, draw]

\node [seq=3] (leftrow1) at (0cm, 4cm){};
\node [seq=3] (tripletoprow)  at (4cm, 4cm){};

% Add arrows on the top

%\path [line, shorten >=1cm] (leftrow1.two north) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);
%\path [line, shorten <=1cm, shorten >=1cm] (leftrow1.two north) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);
%\path [line, shorten <=1cm] (leftrow1.two north) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);
\path [line] (leftrow1.two north) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Regular rectangle nodes

%\tikzstyle{seq}=[rectangle, draw]

% Regular rectangle nodes
%\node [seq] (leftrow1) at (0cm, 4cm){};
%\node [seq] (tripletoprow)  at (4cm, 4cm){};

% Add arrows on the top
%\path [line, shorten >=1cm] (leftrow1) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);
%\path [line, shorten <=1cm, shorten >=1cm] (leftrow1) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);
%\path [line, shorten <=1cm] (leftrow1) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);
%\path [line] (leftrow1) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);

\end{tikzpicture}
\captionof{figure}{Multipart rectangles with no line shortening}
\end{document}

enter image description here

NOTES ON THE ANSWER: Thanks to percusse for answering the question. I'm adding some notes about the answer here. This is a case where reading the documentation would have been helpful. 🙂 The PGF/TikZ manual documents the edge operation in Section 16.12, starting pg 197. At the beginning of this section (pg 197) the manual says:

The edge operation works like a to operation that is added after the
main path has been drawn, much like a node is added after the main
path has been drawn. This allows you to have each edge to have a
different appearance.

The important point is the "added after the main path has been drawn" bit.
Let us take a look at the path in my example, namely

\path [line] (leftrow1.two north) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);

What I thought this did was draw a path terminating in an arrow from the node leftrow1 to the node tripletoprow.

What in fact happens is that two paths are being drawn. I don't know exactly how TikZ parses this code, but since the edge command is being added "after the main path has been drawn", what is the "main path"? Well, it must come before the edge, so it has to be

\path [line] (leftrow1.two north) node {};

If you graph just this, you'll see that just an arrow is produced, pointing north from the multipart rectangle leftrow1. This does not appear if node {} is removed. I'm not sure why. In any case, the point is that this is a path of zero length. It starts and terminates at (leftrow1.two north) and manifests itself as just an arrow head. So, this is the first path. The second path that is drawn is the edge, which is also a path terminating in an arrow head, since (pg 198)

As can be seen, the path of the edge operation inherits the options
from the main path, but you can locally overrule them.

So the strange path with an arrow head on each side is actually two paths, one of zero length, and one not, but both terminating in arrow heads. Using shorten doesn't change anything. It just moves everything up a bit.

So, how should one resolve this? The simplest thing to do is just not use edge. It isn't really the right thing to use here. Simply using

\path [line] (leftrow1.two north) to[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);

means only one path will be drawn – the zero length path is not drawn. Alternatively, one can suppress the drawing of the zero length path and keep the edge operation by doing, for example

\path [] (leftrow1.two north) edge[out=90, in=90, line] node {}(tripletoprow);

but this is definitely the less natural of the two alternatives.

One last thing – I wrote that

In all these cases, the behavior with an ordinary rectangle is as
expected.

This is not the case. The reason this behavior was not seen in the ordinary (non-multishape) rectangle example I posted, is that the north anchor was not used there. So, for example, if we replace

\path [line] (leftrow1) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);

with

\path [line] (leftrow1.north) edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow);

we see the same behavior.

Best Answer

Well, this one was a little strange but I think I know what is happening. Let me take a brief detour: Consider the following construction

\draw (0,0) -- (1,1) node (a) {A};.

What we expect from this piece of code is to put a node after the main path is created. Notice that the node has no idea of the nature of the path. Even if we use [pos=0.xx] it just looks for the last available path so there is no organic connection between the node placement and the path creation.

It turns out that edge is a to operation added in a similar manner without any relation whatsoever to the main path constructed before that. Another example (zoomed in)

\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[->,
     draw,
     line width=1mm % To make the arrowhead bigger
     ] (0,0);
\end{tikzpicture}

enter image description here

So, an arrowhead with a path of zero length. Same happens with the edge if we dissect one of your paths

\path [line] (leftrow1.two north) % This is the main path as the example above 
     edge[out=90, in=90] node {}(tripletoprow); % This is added afterwards without the 
                                                % line option in place creating the
                                                % illusion that the path is having 
                                                % a disconnected arrowhead

so shorten makes things even worse because it's shortening a zero length path taking the arrowhead even further. Once we get the problem right, then, it's easy to fix the problem via shifting the line option to the edge;

\documentclass[preview,tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows}
\tikzset{line/.style={draw, latex'-},
     seq/.style={rectangle split, rectangle split horizontal, rectangle split parts=#1, draw}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [seq=3] (leftrow1) at (0cm, 4cm){};
\node [seq=3] (tripletoprow)  at (4cm, 4cm){};
\path (leftrow1.two north) edge[out=90, in=90,line] (tripletoprow);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Also see the manual for the \tikztonodes operation to avoid the extra node{} before the target point.

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[Tex/LaTex] Align edges with anchor other than center

I'm not sure to understand exactly the question . I understand that : you want an edge between two nodes but you want to draw the edge only between the intersections of the edges and the shapes of the nodes.

With intersections (the problem is to make a choice between the points) but in the second method I just fill the node's background.

\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,intersections}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node[name path= c1] (foo)  at (0,0)[circle] {$x$};
  \node[name path= c2] (bar) at (2,2)[circle] {$x+1$};
  \path[name path=line] (foo.south) -- (bar.center);
  \fill [name intersections={of=c1 and line, name=i, total=\t}]
 [red, opacity=0.5, every node/.style={left=.25cm, black, opacity=1}] 
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  \draw[red] (i-1) -- (j-1);  
\end{tikzpicture} 
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node[name path= c1] (foo)  at (0,0)[circle] {$x$};
  \node[name path= c2] (bar) at (2,2)[circle] {$x+1$};
  \path[name path=line] (foo.south) -- (bar.center);
  \path [name intersections={of=c1 and line, name=i, total=\t}] ;
  \path [name intersections={of=c2 and line, name=j, total=\t}];  
  \draw[red] (i-1) -- (j-1);  
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node (foo)  at (0,0)[circle] {\hphantom{$x$}};
  \node (bar) at (2,2)[circle] {\hphantom{$x+1$}};
  \draw[red] (foo.south) -- (bar.center);
  \node[circle,fill=white] at (foo.center){$x$} ;
  \node[circle,fill=white] at (bar.center){$x+1$} ; 
\end{tikzpicture}  
\end{document}

enter image description here

[Tex/LaTex] How to define the default vertical distance between nodes

I don't really get the question so I hope this is what you wanted. If you include a full document (such that we copy paste and see the problem on our systems) things are much more easier.

Here, you can change the default setting within a scope but your block style had a node distance which was resetting every time it is issued. I've made it 2mm such that we can see the difference easier.

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes.geometric,positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[decision/.style={diamond, draw, text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=3.5cm, inner sep=0pt},
                    block/.style   ={rectangle, draw, text width=6em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em, minimum height=2em},
                    cloud/.style   ={draw, ellipse, minimum height=2em},
                    line/.style    ={draw,-latex'},
                    node distance = 1cm, 
                    auto]
    \node [block] (1st) {1st};
    \node [block, right= of 1st]  (2nd1) {2nd1};
\begin{scope}[node distance=2mm and 10mm]%Here we change it for everything inside this scope
    \node [block, above= of 2nd1] (2nd2) {2nd2};
    \node [block, below= of 2nd1] (2nd3) {2nd3};
    \node [block, right= of 2nd1] (3rd1) {3rd1};
    \node [block, above= of 3rd1] (3rd2) {3rd2};
    \node [block, above= of 3rd2] (3rd3) {3rd3};
\end{scope}
    \node [block, below= of 3rd1] (3rd4) {3rd4};
    \node [block, below= of 3rd4] (3rd5) {3rd5};

    \path [line] (1st) -- (2nd1);
    \path [line] (2nd1) -- (2nd2);
    \path [line] (2nd1) -- (2nd3);
    \path [line] (2nd2) -- (3rd3);
    \path [line] (2nd1) -- (3rd1);
    \path [line] (1st) -- (2nd1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Best Answer

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[Tex/LaTex] Align edges with anchor other than center

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