[Tex/LaTex] Missing equation numbers in aligned environment inside tabular environment

Question

I try to create a tabular environment containing a two-lined description on the left side of an equation on the right side. It looks like this:

\documentclass{report}

\usepackage[intlimits]{amsmath} 
\usepackage{here}           
\usepackage{floatflt}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{listliketab}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{testststt} \label{tab_BG1_zustand}
  \begin{tabular}{p{6cm}p{6cm}}
        \toprule
        Zustandsgröße &  Beziehung \\ \midrule 
       {$\!\begin{aligned} 
           &\text{spezifisches Volumen} \\ 
           & $v = (\partial g / \partial p)_T} \end{aligned}$}
           & $v(\pi,\tau)\frac{p}{R T} = \pie \gamma_{\pi}$ \\ \vspace{5mm} \\
        {$\!\begin{aligned}
            &\text{spezifische innere Energie} \\
            & $u=g-T(\partial g / \partial T)_p - p(\partial g / \partial p)_T \end{aligned}$}
            & $\frac{u(\pi,\tau )}{R T} = \tau \gamma_{\tau}$ \\ \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Since it's in an aligned environment, I thought that I would get equation numbers on the right. However, there are none.
I think it's because aligned is a non-math environment, so I don't get equation numbers for the inline math; but if I exchange it with align I can't really get it to work.

Update
I edited the code according to Bernard's answer, but with the intent to number the right equation:

\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{testststt} \label{tab_BG1_zustand}
\begin{tabular}{p{6cm}p{6cm}}
        \toprule
        Zustandsgröße &  Beziehung \\ \midrule 
        {$\!\begin{aligned} 
           &\text{spezifisches Volumen} \\ 
           &$v = (\partial g / \partial p)_T} \end{aligned}$}
   & \begin{equation}v(\pi,\tau)\frac{p}{R T} = \pie \gamma_{\pi}  \end{equation} \\ \vspace{5mm} \\
        {$\!\begin{aligned}
            &\text{spezifische innere Energie} \\
            &$u=g-T(\partial g / \partial T)_p - p(\partial g / \partial p)_T \end{aligned}$}
            & \begin{equation}\frac{u(\pi,\tau )}{R T} = \tau \gamma_{\tau} \end{equation} \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

It now looks like this:

However, the right equations are too low – I want them to be in the middle of the cell (see original example).

Answer 1

You can use m-type columns and flalign for left aligning the numbered equation. Some vertical space corrections are needed, but they're hidden in a macro, so you don't need to specify them each time.

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}

\usepackage[intlimits]{amsmath} 
\usepackage{booktabs,array}
\usepackage{caption}

\newcommand{\tableequation}[1]{%
  \vspace*{-\baselineskip}
  {\begin{flalign}#1&&&\end{flalign}}%
  \vspace*{-\baselineskip}
}

\begin{document}

With a reference to one of the equations, \eqref{eq-sV}

\begin{table}[htb]
\centering

\caption{testststt} \label{tab_BG1_zustand}

\begin{tabular}{
  @{}
  >{\linespread{1.2}\selectfont}m{6cm}
  @{}
  m{6cm}
  @{}
}
\toprule
Zustandsgröße &  Beziehung \\
\midrule 

spezifisches Volumen\newline
$v = (\partial g / \partial p)_T$ &
  \tableequation{
    v(\pi,\tau)\frac{p}{R T} = \pi \gamma_{\pi} \label{eq-sV}
  } \\

spezifische innere Energie\newline
$u=g-T(\partial g / \partial T)_p - p(\partial g / \partial p)_T$ &
  \tableequation{
    \frac{u(\pi,\tau )}{R T} = \tau \gamma_{\tau}
  } \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

\end{table}

\end{document}