floatspositioning
I got two cases with images I wish to use within a document.
One is a logo, I would like to use it in the front page, at the top-right corner.
How do I do that?
The second are a drawings which I would like it to be (horizontally) centralized, and in between the paragraphs I have placed it. Point is at the final result, figures are positioned sometimes a paragraph or two later.
How can I enforce them to be exactly where I want them?
You can use \hfill to add a horizontal filler between both images. This will push the second image to the right. You need to watch empty lines here because they create new paragraphs. You should add a new paragraph before and after both images, but not between them. In the example code I added explicit \pars to highlight this, but implicit ones i.e. empty lines are fine, too.
You can vertical center both images using \raisebox. Images included with \includegraphics only have a height but no (=zero) depth. Every box (character, image, ...) in (La)TeX has a height, width and depth. Everything below the baseline (the invisible line the letters are placed on) is part of the depth. The \raisebox command allows you to raise or lower its content but also to set the official width and height of it which can be larger or smaller than the original, the natural amount. The original height can be accessed by the \height length. Use \raisebox{-.5\height} to lower the images half under the baseline. This will effectively center them vertically.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{lipsum}% For example text
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\par
\raisebox{-.5\height}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{image1}}%
\hfill
\raisebox{-.5\height}{\includegraphics[width=4cm]{image2}}%
\par
\lipsum[2]
\end{document}
You could also put the above code into \makebox[\textwidth]{...} to ensure they are on one line if you don't like the \pars.
This can simplified by using the adjustbox package. There the key valign=M (or raise=-0.5\height) can be used. The margin key could also be added to improve the spacing.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{lipsum}% For example text
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\par
\noindent
\includegraphics[width=4cm,valign=M,margin=0ex 2ex]{example-image-a}%
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=4cm,valign=M,margin=0ex 2ex]{example-image-b}%
\par
\lipsum[2]
\end{document}
You could also use the subcaption package and its subfigure environment. The following example sets up the subfigures so that they occupy the full width of the textblock. It also assumes that the graphs associated with each subfigure are all equally wide; if that's not the case, simply adjust the widths of the subfigures appropriately.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx} % omit 'demo' for real document
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.31\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig_a.pdf}
\caption{First subfigure} \label{fig:1a}
\end{subfigure}%
\hspace*{\fill} % maximize separation between the subfigures
\begin{subfigure}{0.31\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig_b.pdf}
\caption{Second subfigure} \label{fig:1b}
\end{subfigure}%
\hspace*{\fill} % maximizeseparation between the subfigures
\begin{subfigure}{0.31\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig_c.pdf}
\caption{Third subfigure} \label{fig:1c}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{A figure that contains three subfigures} \label{fig:1}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
Best Answer
The position of float environments are discussed very often here at tex stackexchange. Some related questions are:
Whatever I think the biggest problem is the understanding of
\includegraphics. The command doesn't require a floating environment. It's a simple "token" inside TeX. So to place a picture in the top right corner you can use standard methods like\raggedright,\hfilletc. Maybe you can also usescrpage2orfancyhdr. If you want to set a figure at a special place you can also use packages liketextposoratbegshi.The great package
adjustboxcan handle the positioning very easy. You can simple use:Load the package with the option
export:Then you can use
\includegraphicsas follows: