You can specify which is the length
of the arrow in this way:
\draw[->, thick] (3,1.5) -- ($(3,1.5)!1cm!(0,1.5)$);
where the length
is 1cm
.
Here is the revised example:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick] (0,0) -- (6,0) -- (6,3) -- (0, 3) -- cycle;
\draw[->, thick] (3,1.5) -- ($(3,1.5)!1cm!(0,1.5)$);
\draw[->, thick] (3,1.5) -- ($(3,1.5)!1cm!(6,1.5)$);
\draw[->, thick] (3,1.5) -- ($(3,1.5)!1cm!(3,3)$);
\draw[->, thick] (3,1.5) -- ($(3,1.5)!1cm!(3,0)$);
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=black!90] (3,1.5) circle (0.25em);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
The result:

You can find more information on the calc
library on the documentation (13.5 Coordinate Calculations, pgfmanual version October 25, 2010).
A quickest implementation:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\newlength\arrowlength
\setlength{\arrowlength}{1cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick] (0,0) -- (6,0) -- (6,3) -- (0, 3) -- cycle;
\foreach \destination in
{{0,1.5},{6,1.5},{3,3},{3,0}}
\draw[->, thick] (3,1.5) -- ($(3,1.5)!\arrowlength!(\destination)$);
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=black!90] (3,1.5) circle (0.25em);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Best Answer
You can use
>=latex
to specify thelatex
arrow tip, and\tikzset
to set it globally. This will be overridden by any local definitions of the arrow tip.