macrosmath-operators
I’m not entirely sure here what terminology I should exactly be using, but let me illustrate a use case.
...
\matr{1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4}
...
to replace this:
...
$\left[\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 \\
3 & 4
\end{matrix}\right]$
...
How would I go about defining \matr{...}?
\DeclareMathOperator is designed to create commands that should typeset operator names such as sin and lim. Some of these are already defined in base TeX or LaTeX so one writes 2\sin\theta
instead of 2sin\theta
giving correct spacing and font. If you need an operator of this type that is not predefined, then you create it with \DeclareMathOperator, e.g. the space of endomorphisms of a vector space is written \End V
but you need to make the definition \DeclareMathOperator{\End}{End} first: a minimal working example is
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\DeclareMathOperator{\End}{End}
\begin{document}
\( \End V \)
\end{document}
\newcommand is much more general and can be used to define direct short cuts or more complicated macros. So for example if you find youself writing \left.\frac d{dt}\right|_{t=0} many times in your document you can package this up as a single command \dtzero via \newcommand{\dtzero}{\left.\frac d{dt}\right|_{t=0}} and just type \dtzero each time instead.
I would usually recommend reserving \DeclareMathOperator for the use described above and using \newcommand in most other situations. To get the effect of \DeclareMathOperator in a one-off situation, or inside a \newcommand, you use \operatorname; so you can write \operatorname{End}V for the above example.
Finally, one should note that there is a starred version \DeclareMathOperator*. This is used for defining operators that have limits typeset beneath them instead of to the right (at least when in a display). For example
Similarly there is the starred variant \operatorname*.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\DeclareMathOperator{\End}{End}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\Max}{Max}
\begin{document}
\begin{displaymath}
\Max_{x\in A} f(x) \qquad \End_R V
\end{displaymath}
\end{document}
Remark. The above code samples load the amsmath package. Strictly speaking all you need is the amsopn package, which amsmath reads in automatically. Alternatively, one can load mathtools which is a modern package building further on amsmath.
I'd change the approach:
\newcommand{\makename}[3][s]{%
\expandafter\newcommand\csname #2\endcsname{#3\xspace}%
\expandafter\newcommand\csname #2s\endcsname{#3#1\xspace}%
}
\makename{individual}{name}
\makename[es]{veggie}{potato}
In the document you can do
The \individual eats \veggie, while \individuals eat \veggies.
that will print
The name eats potato, while names eat potatoes.
Note. In general I recommend against using \xspace; I do also in this case.
Best Answer
Nothing to it, really :)
For more details on how to define custom macros in LaTeX, have a look at this section of the LaTeX wikibook.