Looking for something similar to \LaTeX. It is correct in this section from my textbook. 
[Tex/LaTex] How to get “MATLAB” symbol in Latex
MATLABsymbols
Related Solutions
It's a Matlab problem, mixing up encodings, and it doesn't have anything to do with LaTeX.
Matlab supports Unicode internally, including displaying Unicode symbols in plots, but as far as I can tell you cannot generate eps files containing them.
In particular, the UTF-8 code of a symbol is written by Matlab as an octal escape sequence to the eps, for "€" e.g.
\342\202\254
At least on my Linux system, the € doesn't just disappear, but in an eps previewer like Okular it shows up as "â ¬". This indicates that the three codes are interpreted separately, as ISO-8859-1 codes.
I don't know enough about PostScript to tell you whether it is even possible to use Unicode / UTF-8 in an eps file (and therefore laziness on part of TMW) or not. Since you are using LaTeX, a workaround would be to use psfrag which allows you to include LaTeX code within an eps file and then get it replaced by a rendered version upon inclusion in LaTeX. For the € symbol, you can use e.g. the \euro command provided by the eurosym package.
For simple icons, I would also use TikZ to draw my own icon (e.g. modelled on your link).
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\disc}{{\tikz[baseline=-.75ex]{%
\draw[line width=.1ex] (0,0) circle(.8ex);
\draw[line width=.2ex] (0,0) circle(.2ex);
\draw[line width=.15ex] ([shift=(270:.5ex)]0,0) arc (270:340:.5ex);
\draw[line width=.15ex] ([shift=(90:.5ex)]0,0) arc (90:160:.5ex);
}}}
\begin{document}
Billie Holiday, {\it Body and Soul}, Verve Records \disc
\Large {\it Body and Soul} (1957) \disc
\footnotesize Billie Holiday, {\it Body and Soul} (1957) \disc
\tiny Billie Holiday, {\it Body and Soul} (1957), Verve Records \disc
\end{document}
Best Answer
Since you say you're looking for a command similar to
\LaTeX, you can define something likeHere, I have used the xspace package to prevent the
\MATLABcommand from "eating" spaces after it. Maybe there is a cleaner solution, but this definitely works fine. Just add alsoto the preamble.