Here you have a macro for drawing stars as well as "n-grams". meaning stars that result when you connect the diagonals of a regular polygon:
\documentclass[parskip]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[margin=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,backgrounds}
\newcommand{\tstar}[5]{% inner radius, outer radius, tips, rot angle, options
\pgfmathsetmacro{\starangle}{360/#3}
\draw[#5] (#4:#1)
\foreach \x in {1,...,#3}
{ -- (#4+\x*\starangle-\starangle/2:#2) -- (#4+\x*\starangle:#1)
}
-- cycle;
}
\newcommand{\ngram}[4]{% outer radius, tips, rot angle, options
\pgfmathsetmacro{\starangle}{360/#2}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\innerradius}{#1*sin(90-\starangle)/sin(90+\starangle/2)}
\tstar{\innerradius}{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tstar{2}{4}{7}{10}{thick,fill=blue}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tstar{0.5}{3}{20}{0}{thick,fill=green}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\ngram{4}{5}{45}{thick,fill=red}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\ngram{4}{7}{0}{thick,fill=yellow}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

I wouldn't actually actually use the arrow nodes for this, but draw very thick lines with arrowheads and add nodes afterwards. However, you need PGF 3.0.0 for fine control over the arrowhead parameters:
\documentclass[border=0.125cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{%
thick arrow/.style={
-{Triangle[angle=120:1pt 1]},
line width=1.5cm,
draw=gray
},
arrow label/.style={
text=white,
font=\sf,
align=center
},
set mark/.style={
insert path={
node [midway, arrow label, node contents=#1]
}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw [thick arrow]
(-6,0) -- (-3,0) [set mark={Processues \\ de d\'emarrage}];
\draw [thick arrow]
(-2,0) -- (-2,1.5)
arc (180:0:2 and 1.5) [set mark={Processus \\ de planification}]
-- (2,0.5);
\draw [thick arrow]
(2,0) -- (2,-1.5)
arc (360:180:2 and 1.5) [set mark={Processus \\ d'ex\'ecution}]
-- (-2,-0.5);
\draw [thick arrow]
(3,0) -- (6,0) [set mark={Processues \\ de cl\^oture}];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Best Answer
One option; the barycentric coordinate system was used to position the node "G":