As you've discovered, the plainnat bibliography style does not abbreviate given ("first") names. To change this behavior as well as to have the given name(s) placed after the surname, I suggest you perform the following steps:
Find the file plainnat.bst in your TeX distribution and copy it to, say myplainnat.bst. (Don't edit directly a file provided as part of your TeX distribution.)
Open the file myplainnat.bst in your favorite text editor and search for function named format.names. (It starts on line 216 in my copy of plainnat.bst.)
In this function, look for the line
{ s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
Change this line to
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, f.}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
Save the file myplainnat.bst either to the directory that contains your main .tex file or to a directory that's searched by your TeX (and BibTeX) distribution. (If you choose the second option, you may also need to refresh the filename database suitably.)
Start using the modified bibliography style file by issuing the command \bibliographystyle{myplainnat}.
Incidentally, since the plainnat and, by extension, the myplainnat bibliography styles use [English] "sentence style" to typeset the contents of a title field in an entry of type @article, you should encase words such as EU, Referendum, Finland and Maastricht in curly braces to keep them from being typeset in all-lowercase.
Addendum: It's been suggested that I provide a bit more information about what the strings "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" and "{vv~}{ll}{, f.}{, jj}" in the format.names function stand for.
Some background information first. As far as BibTeX is concerned, an author's full name can have up to four separate components: A first name component (which includes any middle names as well), a "von" component (e.g., "de", "von", "van", "van der", "della", etc.), a last name or surname component -- usually, but not necessarily, a single word; a rather spectacular deviation from this rule is the four-word surname "Mies van der Rohe" -- and a "junior" component (e.g., "Jr.", "Sr.", "III", etc). A full name must have at least a "last name" or "surname" component; the first-name, von, and junior components are optional.
As you can probably guess by now, the strings ff, vv, ll and jj above denote the four components; the form "ff" instructs BibTeX to print the complete first and middle names (if present, of course), whereas the form "f." instructs BibTeX to print only the first initial of every first and middle name.
There are various syntax rules that determine how BibTeX parses a full name to arrive at the various components. While this isn't the place for a full-blown tutorial of BibTeX syntax, it's worth mentioning a couple of topics:
- BibTeX does not examine the interior of the first-name component for special characters. Suppose, say, that an author's full name is listed as "C.A. Brown" in your
.bib file. BibTeX will correctly identify "C.A." as the first-name component, but it will not ascribe any special meaning to the "." (dot) inside "C.A.", i.e., it won't notice that the field's first-name component consists of two separate initials, each one terminated by a dot. Thus, if the "{ f.}" parsing specifier is provided in the .bst file, BibTeX will abbreviate "C.A." down to "C.", even though that's probably not what you intended it to do.
So, what should you do if you do want to show all initials of the first-name component and not just the very first initial? You need to write the author field as "C. A. Brown" or, equivalently, as "Brown, C. A.". That way, BibTeX will "notice" that the first-name component has two parts ("C." and "A.") and will dutifully render both.
- As noted above, BibTeX assumes that the name of every author has at least a last-name component -- and possibly as many as four components. This factoid is useful for treating entries that have so-called "corporate authors", e.g., "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" and "International Monetary Fund". Left to its own devices, BibTeX will interpret the former author field as having two [!] (recall that "and" is a reserved word in
author fields) separate authors, the first one named "National Aeronautics" and the second one named "Space Administration"; for the latter author field, its syntax rules will lead it to conclude that there's a single author with first name "International", middle name "Monetary", and last name "Fund".
If the bibliography style specifies that first names should be abbreviated and listed after the respective surnames, BibTeX will end up typesetting the author fields as "Aeronautics, N. and Administration, S." and "Fund, I. M.". In addition, the former entry will be sorted under "A" (for Aeronautics) instead of "N", and the latter entry will be sorted under "F" (for Fund) instead of "I". Moreover, if author-year citations are being generated, they will look like "Aeronautics and Administration ([year])" and "Fund ([year])". Clearly none of these outcomes can be what you had in mind!
The solution to the corporate-author problem is simple: Encase the entire author field in double curly braces. For the two examples above, one should write
author = {{National Aeronautics and Space Administration}},
and
author = {{International Monetary Fund}},
respectively. The outer pair of curly braces delimits the field, and the inner pair serves to make BibTeX treat the field as having only one component -- which, by its syntax rules, must be the last-name component. In a sense, then, BibTeX is made to believe that the former author has one complicated last name consisting of five words and the latter author has a last name that consists of three words. The happy result, though, is that the names will be rendered -- and sorted -- correctly.
To remove the hanging indentation, you needn't change bibliography styles. Just set the \bibhang length parameter to zero.
Assuming the Alziary et al entry is in a file called adk.bib, running latex, bibtex, and latex twice more on the MWE below results in the following output:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{natbib}
\bibliographystyle{apalike}
\setlength{\bibhang}{0pt}
\begin{document}
\nocite{*}
\bibliography{adk}
\end{document}
Remark: You should encase the words "P.D.E.", "Asian", and "Analytical" in the title field in curly braces to prevent them from being converted to lowercase.
Best Answer
When using BibTeX, the formatting of the bibliographic entries -- including the ordering of first and last names -- is determined by the settings contained in the bibliography style file that's in use. It would appear that you're using the
plainnatstyle file. Fortunately, it's not difficult to modify the settings inplainnat.bstthat govern the ordering of first and last names.Find the file
plainnat.bstin your TeX distribution. (One way to find this file is to issue the commandkpsewhich plainnat.bstat a command prompt; this should provide you with the needed information. If you can't find the file on your computer's hard drive, you can always obtain it from the CTAN.) Copy this file to, saymyplainnat.bst; don't edit directly a file provided as part of your TeX distribution.Open the file
myplainnat.bstin your favorite text editor and search for function namedformat.names. (It starts on line 216 in my copy ofplainnat.bst.)In this function, look for the line
Change this line to
Save the file
myplainnat.bsteither to the directory that contains your main.texfile or to a directory that's searched by your BibTeX distribution. (If you choose the second option, depending on your TeX distribution, you may also have to refresh the filename database of the TeX distribution.)Start using the modified bibliography style file by issuing the command
\bibliographystyle{myplainnat}, and be sure to run LaTeX, BibTeX, and LaTeX twice more on the main.texfile to propagate all changes.